What Is a Raja

A raja is a monarch in India, parts of Southeast Asia, and  Indonesia.  The term can designate either a prince or a full-fledged king, depending on local usage. Variant spellings include rajah and rana, while the wife of a raja or a rana is called a rani. The term  maharaja  means great king, and was once reserved for the equivalent of an emperor or the Persian shahanshah (king of kings), but over time many petty monarchs bestowed this grander title upon themselves. Where Does the Word Raja Come From? The Sanskrit word raja comes from the Indo-European root reg, meaning to straighten, rule, or order. The same word is the root of European terms such as rex, reign, regina, reich, regulate, and royalty.   As such, it is a title of great antiquity. The first known use is in the Rigveda, in which the terms rajan  or rajna designate kings.   For example, the Battle of Ten Kings is called the  Dasarajna. Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh Rulers In India, the term raja or its variants were most often used by Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh rulers.   Some Muslim kings also adopted the title, although many of them preferred to be known either as Nawab or sultan.   One exception is those ethnic Rajputs  (literally sons of kings)  who live in Pakistan;  although they long ago converted to Islam, they continue to use the word raja as the hereditary title for rulers. Thanks to cultural diffusion and the influence of subcontinental traders and travelers, the word raja spread beyond the borders of the Indian subcontinent to nearby lands. For example, the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka referred to their king as the raja. As with Pakistans Rajputs, the people of Indonesia continued to designate some (although not all) of their kings as rajas even after most of the islands had converted to Islam. The Perlis The conversion was complete in what is now Malaysia.   Today, only the state of Perlis continues to call its king a raja.   All of the other states rulers have adopted the more Islamic title of sultan, although in the state of Perak they use a hybrid system in which kings are sultans and princes are rajas. Cambodia In Cambodia, the Khmer people continue to use the Sanskrit borrowed word  reajjea  as the title for royalty, although it is no longer used as the stand-alone name for a king.   It may be combined with other roots to indicate something associated with royalty, however.   Finally, in the Philippines, only the Moro people of the southernmost islands continue to use the historical titles such as raja and maharaja, along with sultan.   The Moro is primarily Muslim, but also rather independent-minded, and deploy each of these terms to designate different leaders. Colonial Era During the colonial era, the British used the term Raj to designate their own reign over greater India and Burma (now called Myanmar).   Today, just as men in the English-speaking world may be named Rex, many Indian men have the syllables Raja in their names.   It is a living link with a very ancient Sanskrit term, as well as a gentle boast or claim of status by their parents.

Biblical Worldview And Buddhism Worldview - 981 Words

Buddhist do not believe there is a beginning or an end to the world, and life. They deny that the world was created at any particular given time or date. Buddhists believe in Samsara, meaning they think the world was created over and over, and will continue to do so until it is time for it to break away. Biblical worldview and Buddhism worldview have very little similarities when it comes to the question of origin. Christians believe in creation, and that God is the creator. They believe humans are made in Gods image, and that He created the heavens and the earth. Buddhist believe there is no external concept of a god. When the Buddha was approached by non-Buddhist who did not understand his nature and thought he was the same concept of Jesus, Buddha rejected this concept entirely. Buddhist believe in a concept of a network meaning that something exists because something else already existed. Everything is connected, they do not believe there is a need to jump from existence to non-existence (Luis, 4). Being human to a Buddhist comes from their view of a collection of five aggregates; body, consciousness, volition, perception, and emotions. They believe that humans are being in a state of constant and continuous change. Christians believe God created everything living from the trees to the fishes in the sea. The human identity is found in knowing their true nature, and accepting Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. Mankind was created basically to be stewards, they areShow MoreRelatedChristian Worldview1594 Words   |  7 Pages Let us ponder about how other religions worldviews relate to the Biblical worldview. There are three main areas or types of worldviews, Pantheists (Hinduism, Buddhism), Secularism (naturalism), and Theism (Christianity, Islam, Judaism). I will answer 5 basic questions on just one of the non-Christian worldviews and then compare it to the Biblical worldview. Part one will be about Buddhism and part two will compare Buddhism and the Biblical worldview. The questions to be answered are: 1.Read MoreEssay Apol 104 Critical Thinking602 Words   |  3 Pages6 June 25th, 2012    Critical Thinking Assignment A prince named Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) founded â€Å"Buddhism† in the sixth century before the birth of Christ. Buddhism is better understood as philosophy rather than a religion and follows the concept of the Four Noble Truths and the Eight Fold Noble path. Part I   - Analysis of Buddhism 1. Origin – In the Buddhist Worldview, life and the world have no beginning or end. â€Å"There is no reason to suppose that the world had a beginning atRead MoreApol 104 Critical Thinking Assignment Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking Assignment APOL-104 June 25, 2012 Critical Thinking Assignment PART ONE: The Question of Origin In Buddhism, they do not teach nor do they believe that there is an all-powerful God that created the universe. They look to Buddha, the religion’s founder, for a model of how to behave. In the Buddhist view, the universe is infinite in both time and space and the universe is created and destroyed over and over again in a process we call natural evolution. The Question ofRead MoreEssay on Biblical Foundations1389 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Foundations Dana Conley 21623092 Liberty University 1/21/2012 Biblical Foundations Curriculum development is establishing a plan of what a school is going to teach during a school year. The time frame of the curriculum can vary from a quarter to a semester to even being taught the entire school year. Wayne (2010) suggests that each individual’s personal biblical worldview impacts each person in their beliefs and opinions about curriculum developmentRead MoreThe Religious Traditions Of The East Are All Older Than Western Religions1743 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent than in the west. The four major religious traditions in the East are all older than western religions. Each religious tradition can be examined for common concepts and differences. Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism have several common concepts and several differences in: their worldviews, their views on the nature of reality as a whole, the nature of persons, the perspectives on the â€Å"human dilemma,† human spiritual goals, the significance of moral values and the hope each offers itsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Apologetics Application Of Groothuis s Christian Apologetics1447 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide the information indicated. 1. Worldview Selection Of the 3 choices listed in the Apologetics Application Paper Instructions, which worldview will you write about in this paper? Worldview selected: Secular Humanism 2. Summary of Significant Beliefs of the Worldview In Chapter 4 of Groothuis’s Christian Apologetics, he describes the Christian worldview using several major categories of belief. For this section of your paper, you will describe the worldview you have selected to write about usingRead MoreChristian Worldview : A Christian Perspective1490 Words   |  6 PagesA Christian Worldview A Christian worldview is one that is complicated and composed of themes. These themes, and history of Christianity, can help a person comprehend what living through a Christian worldview is like. Some of these essential themes are: God speaks into the chaos, God is one and incomprehensible, Jesus is the messiah, Jesus is God, and God is not Santa Clause. These are themes that make up Christianity and help set it apart from other religions. â€Å"In the beginningRead MoreReligion : Religion And Religion935 Words   |  4 Pagesreligions inside of it that share core beliefs. Culture are divided in in too six major organized religions which consist of monotheistic culture, polytheistic, Christianity and Islam which consist of the largest followers. Also you have Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Judaism. For religion to be real it must have a foundation of some type, must have norms. Now to answer the second question what is essential (in the practices and beliefs) for a tradition to be called a religion? The field of religionRead MoreHealth Care Provider And Faith Diversity1884 Words   |  8 PagesHealthcare providers are exposed to various worldviews across the care continuum. In order to provide unbiased care that is consistent with an individual’s worldview, providers must educate themselves to the variety of faith expressions present within their society. This paper will examine the various worldviews associated with Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity, as well as assess the spiritual perspective on, and the critical components of healing that are unique to each faith. A comparative analysisRead MoreMy Thoughts About Worldviews Essay2497 Words   |  10 PagesA worldview, in my opinion, is the way you look at the world and how you see God; a worldview is a set of beliefs that directs the way you act. To determine your worldview, you must ask yourself a few questions. Some of these questions include: Who is God? Where did I come from? Why do I exist? What is my purpose in life? Answers in Genesis defines a worldview as â€Å"the overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world. A worldview is a collection of beliefs about life and the universe

The Core Principal Of Buddhism - 1225 Words

The core principal of Buddhism is the Four Noble Truths. The Buddha Shakyamuni’s first sermon, the setting in motion of the wheel of dharma, detailed the Four Noble Truths. The First Noble Truth is about the inherent nature of suffering in the world; that is, everything is suffering. From a Western standpoint, the idea that the world is entirely suffering appears pessimistic. To the Buddhists, this is not a pessimistic viewpoint, but an honest one. In this paper, I will examine whether or not the world in suffering by looking at first the Buddhist justification and then my personal experiences and beliefs. The Buddha introduced the Four Noble Truths in his first sermon. He spoke of the Middle Way and the Noble Eightfold Path before explaining the First Noble Truth: And this is the Noble Truth of Sorrow. Birth is sorrow, age is sorrow, disease is sorrow, death is sorrow; contact with the unpleasant is sorrow, separation from the pleasant is sorrow, every wish unfulfilled is sorrow—in short all the five components of individuality are sorrow.† Seeing age, disease, and death was the cathartic moment for the Buddha. When he was living a flawless life in his father’s palace, he finally was able to go outside of the palace. Even though his father drove away all old, sick, and dead people, the gods showed him an old man, a sick man, and a corpse. After seeing all of them, especially the corpse, he was disillusioned with his sheltered life. These were the beginnings of hisShow MoreRelatedReligious Ideologies And Practices Behind Buddhism843 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion that I did not consider myself well versed with was Buddhism. From my previous encounters with this religion, I had learned that its teachings embody the idea of karma and rebirth. As means to broaden my knowledge and learn more about the religious ideologies and practices behind Buddhism, I spoke with Professor Ann Burlein of the Religion and Philosophy Department. I had originally planned to attend Professor Burlein’s Buddhism in America class, but due to time conflicts I resorted to meetRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1573 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that are very open and tolerant of all people. They are religons that believe in acceptance of all and open-mindedness of other religons. Hinduism is the oldest religion on the planet that has been well established and still has a large following. To put it into perspective if religons were under 100 years old Hinduism would be 80 and Judaism and Christianity would still be in their 20s or 30s. Buddhism is also a long-standing religionRead MoreThe Encounter Between War And Religion932 Words   |  4 Pagescivilizations. For most of these civilizations, religion explains existence and ethical thinking for governments. Each religion mentioned wages war according to their principals and beliefs in order to gain power over another. Also, they each have their own view for when war is considered just or unjust. Focusing on Christianity, Islamic, and Buddhism religions and their understanding of warfare will help to understand the relationship betwe en earthly orders. For one to understand the relationship and impactRead MoreWorld Wide Yin and Yang1735 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Wide Yin and Yang The Chinese culture has a variety of religions and philosophies; behind each one there is a core of theories and principles formed by its founders. The aspects of the yin-yang principal are the basis of the three major Chinese religions: Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. In China, people are aware of the importance of believing in the yin and yang principles. The Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender states, the Chinese view yin and yang as opposites, where yin is dark andRead MoreThe Four Characteristics of Religion1212 Words   |  5 Pagestranscendent. Every religion has a core belief that a person must adhere to, to truly belong to that religion and this is referred to as its paradigm. In Buddhism, the paradigm is a belief in the Three Refuges - The Lord Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha. For Hinduism, the belief that ultimate union with Brahman is the only real purpose for humans, is extremely fundamental. Every religion has a paradigm and in addition, has other beliefs that flow out of its core paradigm which accepts different denominationsRead MoreJain Philosophy- Jainism1312 Words   |  5 Pagesall beings have a soul, multiple aspects and non-attachment. Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism have significant differences in their belief of the universe in regrades to karma. Understanding these differences in these religions concerning karma allows one to distinguish the individuality of Jainism from other Indian religions prominent today. As well as knowing the contrasts understanding the similarities between Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism also help us understand the common beliefs and ideals aboutRead MoreTaoism : The Philosophy Of Taoism1496 Words   |  6 Pagesthat tell of the Tao and describe general principals about the universe such as â€Å"These two, Emptiness and Existence, came from the same source. Though they bear different names, they serve the same mystical cause† (Lao Tzu 8). Lao Tzu conveys ideas in this style throughout the text and lays the groundwork for which the worldview of Taoism will be constructed upon. Another main work, the Chuang Tzu, expands upon the Dao de Jing by putting Lao Tzu’s principals into action using simple examples and storiesRead MoreThe Four Noble Truths Instructed by the Buddha, Questions and Answers1364 Words   |  5 Pageswere the southern kingdoms more stable after the collapse of the Gupta, c. 600 CE than they had been before? 3. Describe the Four Noble Truths that the Buddha taught; how do these represent a reaction against the Vedic and Jain traditions? Why did Buddhism draw more devotees than Jainism. 4. Describe the expansion of India culture to Southeast Asia; how did that influence differ from the expansion of Indian culture to China and Japan? 5. Although legally and economically, womens lives were moreRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Siddhartha s Life1758 Words   |  8 Pagesthe monasteries but also to all who strove to live the moral standards taught by the Buddha and help support the Sangha. It is universalist and didn’t recognize the strict Aryan caste system.This inclusiveness allowed for any person to be a part of Buddhism and have an opportunity to reach enlightenment. Even the Buddha’s teachings feature attainable and simple teachings that are very different from the elaborate and complicated tradition that had held India in the past. Even though the layperson wasRead More The Historical Context of The Bhagavad Gita and Its Relation to Indian Religious Doctrines2505 Words   |  11 PagesIndian Religious Doctrines The Bhagavad Gita is perhaps the most famous, and definitely the most widely-read, ethical text of ancient India. As an episode in Indias great epic, the Mahabharata, The Bhagavad Gita now ranks as one of the three principal texts that define and capture the essence of Hinduism; the other two being the Upanishads and the Brahma Sutras. Though this work contains much theology, its kernel is ethical and its teaching is set in the context of an ethical problem. The teaching

Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown - 2532 Words

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† demonstrates how Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to do an errand within the woods with a man that is believed to be the devil. During the time period in which this took place, the 1620’s, many of the people from the village were practicing Puritanism. Puritanism is an intense practice of religion retrieved from Protestants, only removing its Catholic influence. When Goodman Brown entered the woods to meet the devil, he soon turned into a man who was corrupt within his faith. When Mr. Brown left his wife and entered into the dark woods, it displayed a form of symbolism. In continuation, symbolized a Puritan man straying away from his faith in God which is his wife in this case. Moreover, when Brown entered the woods and followed the devil, it represented his faith diminishing away with every step he took in the forest. Hawthorne demonstrates Brown becoming a skeptic of his own religion through hi s actions. There are many interpretations of the main character in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. A group of authors such as D.M McKeithan and Selina Jamil believe that Brown’s journey into the woods was a journey in which he nearly lost his faith, as well as flip his world upside down due to his sinful actions. However, Walter Paulits claims that Goodman Brown only follows the Devil through his temptation since he is uncertain for, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown develops ambiguity †¦ service of a more pervasive theme of ambivalence†Show MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in societ y and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown905 Words   |  4 PagesThough Nathaniel Hawthorne is an author of many great works, his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† still stays relevant because it has themes and subjects that are relatable in today s world. In the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Good man Brown leaves his wife Faith, to go into the woods near Salem to have a meeting with the devil. Appearance vs. reality is shown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† through the plot, the character of Goody Cloyse, and the symbol of the maple staff. The characterRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the devil says, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (â€Å"Young† 627). Since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and attempted to hide conceal their sin from God, humans have tried to hide their sin from others. Although ever yone sin is human nature, everyone has a different reaction to sin. While some acknowledge sin, others ignore it. In Hawthorne’s other short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil to represent the sin heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story that is filled with symbols and mystery. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides plenty forms of symbolism for readers to digest. Hawthorne displays strong faith as the greatest virtue for a man or woman, and when the faith is compromised, one can be filled with skepticism and uncertainty towards the rest of the world. The story begins as a conventional allegory, creating the expectation that the characters will be able to consistently display the abstractions they symbolizeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 Pagesstory, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how Hawthorne uses FaithRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown894 Words   |  4 Pagesread. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, I found several romanticism characteristics to be in this story. One being, the emphasis on feelings and emotions. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing through the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for a response.† The cry of anguish and pain are very applicable to the protagonist idea in this story. Brown also expresses feeling when he doesn t want to leave his wife Faith, but he feels that it s his role toRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1975 Words   |  8 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne, is the author of the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† that was written in 1835 (Baym 370). Hawthorne was born in Salem Massachusetts on July 4th, 1804. Hawthorne’s ancestors were of the Puritan descent, and among the first settlers of Massachusetts (Baym 370). During his teen years, Hawthorne was reading stories by British novelists Henry Fielding, Tobias S mollet, and Sir Walter Scott. When he was sixteen he wrote his sister of wanting to become an author and relying of support

Was Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki Necessary to End World...

Plan of Investigation During the time period when Franklin D. Roosevelt was in office, it was during WWII. Japan attacked the U.S. on Dec. 7, 1941 and was known as Pearl Harbor. When that happened, Roosevelt did not hesitate to ask Congress to officially declare war on Japan. During the war, there was a proposal of an atomic bomb landing over Hiroshima and Nagasaki to finalize the war. To this day there is still controversy that if that atomic bomb was actually necessary to end the war, because of the number of innocent casualties suffered from the Japanese. The aim of this investigation is to answer the question: To what extent was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary to end the war with Japan? To answer this question, the†¦show more content†¦Eisenhower, â€Å"Japan was already defeated and dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary†. Also throughout the article (Why Hiroshima could have been avoided), by it shows what the comments from Henry H. Arnold , Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces, had commented on what he thought of the whole situation. Arnold stated, The Japanese position was hopeless even before the first atomic bomb fell because the Japanese had lost control of their own air. and also when he remarked, â€Å"It always appeared to us, atomic bomb or no atomic bomb, the Japanese were already on the verge of collapse† (Freeman 1). Although, it can be arguable that Japan was strong and would not go down without a fight and it was just out of the question for them to show that they will surrender and that the U.S. dropped the atomic bomb in fact to as well save a million American lives (Freeman 1). Even though some may have the perspective of it this way, there is not real factual data on that vision, plus Japan was already at breakpoint because the Japanese were already short on many resources and were bound to give in eventually and could no longer last in the war. Some of these things consisted of food shortages but primarily oil (Weber 1). You could simply notice that the U.S. may have done this out of revenge simply for what happened at Pearl Harbor but not to end the war. The war ended in Europe in May 8, 1945, but they did not drop the bomb until 90 days laterShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bombs in Japan1373 Words   |  6 PagesOn August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima without any precedent. The explosion viciously destroyed four square miles of the city and killed 90,000 and injured 40,000. (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†) Three days later, a second atomic bomb stroked the city of Nagasaki which killed approximately 37,000 people and injured 43,000 (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†). These actions of the United States still remain controversial today and the UnitedRead MoreWas The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Morally Justified?1736 Words   |  7 PagesWas the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagas aki ethically justified? – Why Truman decided to drop the atomic bombs on Japan – By Grace Kelsall World War 2 saw the emergence of America as a new world power on August 6th 1945, also internationally known as the traumatizing day for Hiroshima; after an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first atomic bomb. World War Two is considered a great turning point in modern history, it being one of the bloodiest and horrific wars; exposing all countries aroundRead MoreHiroshima And Nagasaki Bombing Of Hiroshima1206 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing The Bombing In 1945, the US dropped 2 atomic bombs on the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, causing hundreds of thousands civilian deaths. Some people say that this act helped to end the world war and save more lives, but others think that it was not needed and wasn t the cause of the Japanese surrender. Sequence of Events 5th August 1945 President gives approval to use bombs 6th August 1945 Bombing of Hiroshima 9th August 1945 Bombing of NagasakiRead MoreOn August 6, 1945, The United States Of America Dropped1173 Words   |  5 Pages On August 6, 1945, the United States of America dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. For decades, there have been feuds relating to the justification of the bombing. Was the U.S justified? It depends on your vantage point. The United States was justified due to the unprovoked attack and bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which occurred three years prior to the bombing of Hiroshima, it was necessary to stop the war because it saved thousands of American lives. Until then, the fight had neverRead MoreThe Destruction Of The War Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pages‘Enola Gay’ flew over Hiroshima to drop the most infamous atomic bomb in history. This bomb instantly vaporized everyone within a 1KM radius of the drop point, leaving the rest to die slowly from lethal burns or poisoning. Then three days later, another devastating bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasa ki. While there were no American deaths as a result, 200,000 Japanese citizens, mostly children, elders and women perished as a result of these attacks. The goal was to end WWII swiftly and withRead MoreAtomic Bombs And Its Effects On Japan1369 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine how many atomic bombs that have killed many Japanese during, World War II in Japan? On August 6, 1945, a new weapon with a significant explosive power known as the atomic bombs just has been dropped on Japan. The dropping of this weapon on Hiroshima and Nagasaki there were 262,020 civilians were killed. The United States to chose the atomic bomb in order for Japan to surrender and end the war quickly. Likewise, President Truman as the duty as president and Commander in Chief to protectRead MoreEssay on Atomic Bombing on Japan937 Words   |  4 PagesHiroshima: Was Dropping the Atomic Bomb a Military Necessity? On the morning of August 6th, 1945 at around 8:16 a.m., the United States dropped the first bomb on Hiroshima. This bomb was given the nickname â€Å"Little Boy.† Three days after the first atomic bomb was dropped, on August 9th, 1945 at around 11:02 a.m., the United States dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. This bomb was given the nickname â€Å"Fat Man.† These two bombs immensely destroyed these cities and took the lives of many peopleRead MoreJapan Bombs : Was It Necessary?1188 Words   |  5 PagesRyan Nguyen Arr. 5 Japan Bombs: Was it necessary? In August of 1945, the US dropped one of the deadliest weapons ever made onto Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it was a barbarous and inhumane thing to do to another country. Even though the US believed that by dropping the bomb, World War II would be over, it was not necessary because Japan had already tried to negotiate peacefully and its military was already collapsing during that time. The consequences of the atomic bomb were stunning. According toRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1302 Words   |  6 Pageshit with two atomic bombs. On August 6, 1945 during World War II an American B-29 bomber dropped the world s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima, wiping out 90 percent of the city and killing 80,000 people immediately. Three days later a second B-29 dropped another atomic bomb on the Japanese city Nagasaki, killing around 40,000 people. (The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) The Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings were necessary because it played a vital role in Japan’s surrenderRead MoreAmerica Chose To Drop Atomic Bombs On Japan, And This Affected1314 Words   |  6 Pagesand this affected the war and the country in many ways. America was trying to stop the war and make Japan surrender. Atomic bombs, which are nuclear weapons, were dropped by the United States on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Atomic bomb s terrify everyone today, but at that time, they were considered an indispensable step for an early end to the war with minimal human losses. Some people believed the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary to end the war. Some people believed

Portfolio Valuation

Questions: Consider shares in two companies, JAY and KAY, as follows: Expected Return E(R) Standard Deviation s Correlation Coefficient r Share JAY 12% 18% 0.3 Share KAY 24% 32% a) Calculate the covariance between Share JAY and KAY returns. b) What is the expected return and standard deviation of returns on a portfolio comprising 35% in Share JAY and 65% in Share KAY? c) If you wanted to create a portfolio consisting only of these two shares, how much would you need to invest (weights) in each share so that your portfolio return would be equal to 15.6%? Note: do not round. d) Using the weights calculated in part c), calculate the variance and standard deviation of your portfolio. Answers: a) We know, = -0.3 x = 0.18 y= 0.32 = cov/ x * y Thus cov = -0.3* .18* 0.32 = -0.01728 b) Expected return = w* R = 0.35* 12% + 0.65* 24% = 19.8 Standard deviation = (wi * wj * i * j * cov(i,j) ) ^ 0.5 = 20.8 c) Let investment in Jay be x Thus investment in Kay will be (1- x) Expected return = w* R = x* 12% + (1-x)* 24% 15.6 = 12x +24 -24x X = 0.7 Thus investment in Jay = 70% d) Variance = wi * wj * i * j * cov(i,j) = 214.632 Standard deviation = (wi * wj * i * j * cov(i,j) ) ^ 0.5 = 14.65. References Return, Risk And The Security Market Line - Expected Return, Variance And Standard Deviation Of A Portfolio. Advanced Bond Concepts: Bond Pricing. Dividend Discount Model DDM.

Knowledge Process Outsourcing

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Process Outsourcing. Answer: Introduction Knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) may be described as work that has been outsourced to a different organization than the parent organization. The different organization may be within the same country or a different country. The work outsourced is related to knowledge and information. Generally businesses resort to knowledge process outsourcing when there is a shortage of skilled workers in the organization or when the same work can be done at a fraction of the cost to the organization. Jobs that can be outsourced are customer support, Human resource development, manufacturing etc., The financial success of Apple is partly because of its outsourcing of manufacturing facility to china. (Chan, Pun, Selden, 2013) The research here would consist of the benefits that have been translated by organizations in Australia through the process of KPO. It will also focus on the various process that have been outsourced. Literature review The KPO industry is about 20 years old. It started with the initial requirement of the parent organizations to get financial gains. The initial KPO organizations were Capgemini and Logica which shifted there IT work to India. Since then the KPO has progressed to offering tasks like back-office, finance and legal, RD research and information management. (Hartshorne, 2015) KPO is also used by organizations as a strategy to achieve competitive edge. They use the benefits of cross-border knowledge and knowledge resources of a foreign country. (Jensen and Pedersen, 2012) With a pool of skilled and knowledgeable workers of third countries the parent organizations benefited immensely. The pros and cons of RD KPO for the parent organization helps to maintain a competitive edge in modern era. For parent organization a long term relationship with the outsourced organization can be beneficial in the long run. (Brettel et.al., 2014) The benefits of long term strategic alliance are : A better understanding of the requirements of the outsourced / offshore organization Ease in the process of development of the offshore / outsourced organization Building on the growth of the outsourced organization The importance of sharing of the rewards and risks, strategic management, intellectual knowledge builds the trust between the vendor and the parent organization. For extracting the benefits from RD the KPO the parent organization have invested on various factors. These organizations have build on Relational Capital where the trusts have been built on sharing of intellectual knowledge and effective collaboration. The parent organization have created teams to better sense the views of the vendor organization. This is done through social platforms. (Huikkola, Ylimki, Kohtamki, 2013) The process of RD KPO has been driven by the hunger to remain competitive. Whereas a single firm at a particular place utilizes the resources which are locally available. With the growth of telecommunication facilities parent organizations are able to use the knowledge pool available worldwide. With fraction of the financial investment the parent organization can tap into this vast knowledge available. Thus it remains competitive in a market driven economy. (Kazadi, Lievens Mahr, 2016) The pharmaceutical industry has gained immensely from this cross-border collaboration. It has been able to drastically reduce the RD costs, reduce legal implications, reduce prices of pharmaceuticals and have shortened the exclusivity periods. Thus an array of stakeholders from patients, physicians, health-care providers, governments, universities and knowledge centers have come up in third world countries. (Kazadi, Lievens Mahr, 2016) The primary pharmaceutical organization has thus been able to keep itself abreast with the development in other parts of the world. Apart from financial consequences KPO can have loss in knowledge and skills. But there have been instances where the financial loss have offset through good practices. (Hong et.al., 2012) Research aim The aim of the research is to find the relationship between the KPO and its effect (financial or otherwise) for Australia. Research question The research question for this assignment is as follows: What are the types of knowledge processes that have been outsourced? How does outsourcing affect the organization? What factors contributes to the successful implementation of the knowledge process? Research objective The objective of the research is as follows: To find the various knowledge processes that are outsourced To find the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. To find the factors responsible for success of the knowledge processes outsourcing. Research methodology Data Collection Primary data will be collected from employees of RD industry where Knowledge has been outsourced. Mail survey will be used for the collection of the data. This will form the Quantitative data for the work. Data will also have to be collected about the financial investment on RD in the parent organization. Since the organization has Outsourced knowledge hence data on the finances involved in the subsidiary organization and the revenue benefit will also be collected. Data on RD activities in the subsidiary organization will also be collected. (Martinezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Noya, Garciaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Canal Guillen, 2013). Data Analysis The data will be analyzed for differences in RD activities in the organizations. The differences in RD activities may be analysed by the number of employees in RD vis-a-vis the number of employees in the firm. The number RD activities undertaken by the organization will also have be taken into consideration. The data on timely delivery of RD activity will also collected. (Berchicci, 2012) Data will also be analysed for the economic benefits in KPO. The change in RD activities with correlation to the finances will also be analysed. The analysis results will be used to predict the benefits vs negative effects internalization and outsourcing. Expected research outcome Outsourcing or offshoring has become the norm for many organization like Capgemini, Logica, Evalueserve etc. The reason behind outsourcing are many. They may be financial and economic gain of the parent organization through the use of cheap labour, gain of knowledge from other organizations, use of skilled professionals from outside the parent organization remote management of projects Increased in competitive edge to the organization KPO industries outsourcing works include financial and legal services, management consulting, research in life sciences. The downside involved in outsourcing of RD activities are Finding a suitable KPO because of the finances involved. Inability to prevent the organization intellectual properties The language barrier is a hindrance in effective communication The inability of the parent organization to monitor the KPO from a remote location Moreover the parent organization should consider the implications of KPO to the parent organization, specially the employee loyalty. Knowledge process outsourcing has provided organizations more benefits then the risks involved. With the breaking down of telecommunication barriers outsourcing has become a norm. Asian countries like India, Sri Lanka, China and Baltic countries have emerged as centers for KPO. India with its cheap labour is a big player in business process outsourcing (Wade, 2012) Outsourcing have benefited not only the parent organization but also the vendor. (Malik and Blumenfield, 2012) The vendor has been able to adopt six sigma management systems. Outsourcing of RD activities have helped the parent organization. (Bertrand and Mol, 2013) The outcome of the present research will show that extent to which Australian organizations have benefited by outsourcing of R D activities. Conclusion It can be that with the breaking down of telecommunication barriers and the need of organizations to have a competitive edge KPO has become a norm. The parent organization has benefited greatly through the process. The benefits are in terms of financial gains, competitive edge and pool of skilled professional labour. The research outcome is going to strengthen the hypothesis that Australian organizations have also benefited through the process. Thus more number of Australian organizations should take the advantage of outsourcing of Knowledge in RD. References Berchicci, L. (2012). Towards an open RD system: Internal RD investment, external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance. Research Policy, 2012, 1-11. Bertrand, O., Mol, M. J. (2013). 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